Učni načrt predmeta

Predmet:
Poslovna inteligenca I
Course:
Business Inteligence I
Študijski program in stopnja /
Study programme and level
Študijska smer /
Study field
Letnik /
Academic year
Semester /
Semester
Informacijske in komunikacijske tehnologije, 2. stopnja Inteligentni sistemi in robotika 1 2
Information and Communication Technologies, 2nd cycle Intelligent Sytems and Robotics 1 2
Vrsta predmeta / Course type
Izbirni / Elective
Univerzitetna koda predmeta / University course code:
IKT2-619
Predavanja
Lectures
Seminar
Seminar
Vaje
Tutorial
Klinične vaje
work
Druge oblike
študija
Samost. delo
Individ. work
ECTS
15 15 15 105 5

*Navedena porazdelitev ur velja, če je vpisanih vsaj 15 študentov. Drugače se obseg izvedbe kontaktnih ur sorazmerno zmanjša in prenese v samostojno delo. / This distribution of hours is valid if at least 15 students are enrolled. Otherwise the contact hours are linearly reduced and transfered to individual work.

Nosilec predmeta / Course leader:
prof. dr. Matjaž Gams
Sodelavci / Lecturers:
dr. Aleksander Pivk
Jeziki / Languages:
Predavanja / Lectures:
slovenščina, angleščina / Slovenian, English
Vaje / Tutorial:
Pogoji za vključitev v delo oz. za opravljanje študijskih obveznosti:
Prerequisites:

Zaključen študijski program prve stopnje s področja naravoslovja, tehnike ali računalništva.

Student must complete first-cycle study programmes in natural sciences, technical disciplines or computer science.

Vsebina:
Content (Syllabus outline):

Znanstvena metoda: Strukture znanstvenega védenja, znanstvene aktivnosti in procesi. Uporaba znanstvene metode pri zasnovi, validaciji in primerjavi AI-podprtih podatkovnih modelov za poslovno inteligenco (BI) (hipoteze, metrike, eksperimentalni dizajn, reproducibilnost, obvladovanje pristranosti). Vloga umetne inteligence (AI) in velikih jezikovnih modelov (LLM), kot so GPT, pri avtomatizaciji analitičnih korakov, razlagi rezultatov ter nadzoru kakovosti (verifikacija, sledljivost, citiranje virov).

Uvod: Definicija poslovne inteligence (BI) in upravljanja s strankami (CI) kot okvir za AI-podprto odločanje. Arhitektura BI/CI v podjetjih (operativni viri → analitična plast → poročanje) in kako LLM/GPT ter povezani pristopi (npr. RAG, agentni sistemi) izboljšajo zajem, obdelavo, semantično iskanje in analizo podatkov v (bližnjem) realnem času, ob upoštevanju varnosti in zasebnosti.

Osnove trženja: Poslovno informiranje, odločanje, strategije, planiranje in razvoj strategij z vidika AI-podprtega trženja. Vključitev LLM/GPT v strategije neposrednega in posrednega trženja (produkt, ponudba, mediji, distribucija) ter v proces oblikovanja in testiranja hipotez (segmentacija, pozicioniranje, A/B testi, optimizacija kampanj). Uporaba LLM/GPT za analizo trženjskih priložnosti in okolja (povzemanje virov, analiza sentimenta/tem, konkurenčna inteligenca) ter za podporo pri oblikovanju in iteraciji poslovnih modelov.

Orodja za delo s podatki: Preglednice, podatkovne baze in druga orodja za analizo podatkov kot podlaga za AI-podprte BI procese. Uporaba LLM/GPT za avtomatizacijo priprave podatkov (profiliranje, čiščenje, deduplikacija, entitetna resolucija), oplemenitenje podatkov (oznaka, klasifikacija, ekstrakcija iz besedil) in napredno analitiko. Podatkovna skladišča in/ali lakehouse kot okolje za AI-analitiko; kakovost podatkov, migracije, podatkovne linije ter avtomatizirana validacija podatkovnih tokov.

Poslovna analitika: Definiranje in analiza poslovnih problemov s pomočjo inteligentnega analitičnega modeliranja, kjer AI podpira celoten cikel (formulacija problema, izbor metrik, modeliranje, razlaga). Kombinacija klasičnih metod (kvalitativno/kvantitativno modeliranje, metrike, profiliranje, opredeljevanje strank) z LLM/GPT (analitični pomočnik in vodnik, generiranje razlag, preverjanje konsistentnosti metrik, povzetki poročil). Primeri vključujejo napovedovanje kreditnega tveganja, odhoda strank (churn), zadrževanje strank (retention), napovedovanje prodajnih priložnosti (lead scoring) ter odkrivanje poneverb/anomalij, z obveznim ovrednotenjem (kalibracija, stroški napak, robustnost skozi čas) in prenosom rezultatov v prakso.

Avtomatizacija trženja: Uporaba LLM/GPT za analizo trga in strank, razvoj kontaktnih strategij, orkestracijo tržnih kanalov ter personalizacijo vsebin ob nadzoru kakovosti (brand safety, “human-in-the-loop”). Uporaba GPT za dogodkovno trženje in trženje v realnem času, vključno z generiranjem variacij vsebin, priporočili naslednjega najboljšega koraka (next-best-action) ter merjenjem učinka (uplift, eksperimentiranje). Primeri iz bančništva, telekomunikacij, maloprodaje, zavarovalništva in proizvodnje. Obravnava etičnih, pravnih in varnostnih vidikov (GDPR, AI EU uredba, pristranost, razložljivost, varovanje podatkov).

Izzivi pri razvoju programskih sistemov in implementacija projektov: Predstavitev celotnega procesa razvoja rešitev s poudarkom na integraciji AI/LLM v BI/CI (od POC do produkcije). Upravljanje podatkov in modelov (MLOps/LLMOps koncepti), monitoring (drift, kakovost podatkov, zanesljivost izhodov), revizijska sled, upravljanje dostopov in skladnost. Obravnava izzivov uvajanja GPT v obstoječe sisteme (integracije, latenca, stroški, varnost, organizacijska priprava) ter vzpostavitev merljivih kriterijev uspeha.

Orodja in rešitve: Pregled izbranih orodij in rešitev na trgu za AI-podprto BI/CI, vključno z LLM platformami, vektorskimi bazami, orodji za evaluacijo in monitoring ter BI orodji z AI funkcionalnostmi. Primeri uporabe GPT pri avtomatizaciji analiz, generiranju narativnih poročil, Q&A nad internimi podatki, podpori odločanju in pripravi priporočil, z jasno določenimi pravili verifikacije, varovanja podatkov in odgovorne rabe.

Scientific Method: Structures of scientific knowledge, scientific activities, and processes. Application of the scientific method to the design, validation, and comparison of AI-enabled data models for business intelligence (BI) (hypotheses, metrics, experimental design, reproducibility, bias control). The role of artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs), such as GPT, in automating analytical steps, interpreting results, and assuring quality (verification, traceability, source citation).

Introduction: Definition of business intelligence (BI) and customer intelligence (CI) as a framework for AI-supported decision-making. BI/CI architectures in organizations (operational sources → analytics layer → reporting) and how LLMs/GPT and related approaches (e.g., RAG, agentic systems) improve data capture, processing, semantic search, and (near) real-time analysis, while addressing security and privacy.

Marketing Basics: Business information, decision-making, strategies, planning, and strategy development from the perspective of AI-enabled marketing. Integration of LLMs/GPT into direct and indirect marketing strategies (product, offer, media, distribution) and into the process of forming and testing hypotheses (segmentation, positioning, A/B testing, campaign optimization). Use of LLMs/GPT for analysing marketing opportunities and the environment (source summarization, sentiment/topic analysis, competitive intelligence) and for supporting the design and iterative refinement of business models.

Data Tools: Spreadsheets, databases, and other data analysis tools as a foundation for AI-enabled BI processes. Use of LLMs/GPT to automate data preparation (profiling, cleaning, deduplication, entity resolution), data enrichment (labeling, classification, information extraction from text), and advanced analytics. Data warehouses and/or lakehouse environments as the platform for AI analytics; data quality, migration, data lineage, and automated validation of data pipelines.

Business Analytics: Defining and analysing business problems through intelligent analytical modeling where AI supports the full lifecycle (problem formulation, metric selection, modeling, interpretation). Combining classical methods (qualitative/quantitative modeling, metrics, profiling, customer identification) with LLMs/GPT (an analytics “copilot”, generation of explanations, consistency checks for metrics, narrative reporting). Examples include credit risk prediction, customer churn forecasting, customer retention, sales opportunity prediction (lead scoring), and fraud/anomaly detection, with mandatory evaluation (calibration, cost of errors, temporal robustness) and transfer of results into practice.

Marketing Automation: Use of LLMs/GPT for market and customer analysis, development of contact strategies, orchestration of marketing channels, and content personalization with quality control (brand safety, human-in-the-loop). Use of GPT for event-based marketing and real-time marketing, including content variation generation, next-best-action recommendations, and impact measurement (uplift, experimentation). Case examples from banking, telecommunications, retail, insurance, and manufacturing. Ethical, legal, and security considerations (GDPR, AI EU Act, bias, explainability, prompt injection, data protection).

Challenges in Software System Development and Project Implementation: Overview of the full development lifecycle with an emphasis on integrating AI/LLMs into BI/CI (from POC to production). Data and model operations (MLOps/LLMOps concepts), monitoring (drift, data quality, output reliability), audit trails, access control, and compliance. Key challenges of deploying GPT in existing systems (integration, latency, costs, security, organizational readiness) and establishing measurable success criteria.

Tools and Solutions: Review of selected tools and market solutions for AI-enabled BI/CI, including LLM platforms, vector databases, evaluation and monitoring tools, and BI platforms with AI features. Examples of GPT use for automated analysis, narrative report generation, Q&A over internal data, decision support, and recommendation preparation—together with clear rules for verification, data protection, and responsible use.

Temeljna literatura in viri / Readings:

Izbrana poglavja iz naslednjih virov (BI + AI) ter izbrani znanstveni članki (novejši ali visoko relevantni za BI in LLM/GenAI):
Selected chapters from the following publications (BI + AI) and selected scientific papers (recent and/or highly relevant for BI, and LLM/GenAI):
1. R. Skyrius. Business Intelligence: A Comprehensive Approach to Information Needs, Technologies and Culture. Springer, 2021. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67032-0
2. R. Akerkar. Artificial Intelligence for Business. SpringerBriefs in Business, 2019. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97436-1
3. A. Landeta Echeberria (ed.). Artificial Intelligence for Business: Innovation, Tools and Practices. Palgrave Macmillan / Springer Nature, 2022. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88241-9
4. D. Larson, V. Chang. A review and future direction of agile, business intelligence, analytics and data science. International Journal of Information Management, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.04.013
5. F. Gurcan, A. Ayaz, G. G. Menekse Dalveren, M. Derawi. Business Intelligence Strategies, Best Practices, and Latest Trends: Analysis of Scientometric Data (2003–2023) Using Machine Learning. Sustainability, 2023. DOI: 10.3390/su15139854
6. M. Nasseri, P. Brandtner, R. Zimmermann, T. Falatouri, F. Darbanian, T. Obinwanne. Applications of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Business Analytics – Exemplary Use Cases in Data Preparation Tasks. In: HCI International 2023 – Late Breaking Papers. LNCS, vol. 14059, 2023. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-48057-7_12
7. H. Kourani, A. Berti, D. Schuster, W. M. P. van der Aalst. Evaluating large language models on business process modeling: framework, benchmark, and self-improvement analysis. Software and Systems Modeling, 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s10270-025-01318-w

Cilji in kompetence:
Objectives and competences:

Cilj predmeta je podati osnovno in uporabno znanje s področja poslovne inteligence s poudarkom na vlogi umetne inteligence in velikih jezikovnih modelov pri sodobnem poslovnem in strateškem marketinškem odločanju. V uvodnem delu so predstavljeni temeljni koncepti in arhitekture BI ter razvoj podatkovno-podprtih sistemov za podporo odločanju, vključno z uporabo AI-podprtih analitičnih pristopov.

Eden od ciljev predmeta je usposobiti študente za uporabo osnovnih poslovnih orodij, kot so preglednice in podatkovne baze, ter sodobnih BI okolij, razširjenih z AI in LLM funkcionalnostmi za avtomatizirano analizo, interpretacijo podatkov in generiranje poslovnih vpogledov. Poseben poudarek je namenjen pripravi, čiščenju in migraciji podatkov ter obravnavi tipičnih problemov in tveganj, ki se pojavljajo pri uvajanju AI-podprtih BI rešitev.

V nadaljevanju je glavni cilj zagotoviti poglobljeno razumevanje narave in vloge tržne analize v strateškem marketingu. Ta vključuje analizo poslovnih problemov in priložnosti, odkrivanje nezadoščenih potreb strank, identifikacijo konkurenčnih prednosti ter napovedovanje vedenjskih vzorcev strank z uporabo naprednih analitičnih metod, strojnega učenja in velikih jezikovnih modelov. Obravnavani bodo tudi procesi vpeljevanja teh pristopov v prakso ter izzivi, ki se pri tem tipično pojavljajo.

The objective of the course is to provide fundamental and practical knowledge in the field of business intelligence, with a particular emphasis on the role of artificial intelligence and large language models in contemporary business and strategic marketing decision-making. The introductory section presents the core concepts and architectures of BI, as well as the evolution of data-driven decision support systems, including AI-supported analytical approaches.

The course also aims to equip students with the ability to use basic business tools such as spreadsheets and databases, as well as modern BI environments enhanced with AI and LLM functionalities for automated analysis, data interpretation, and the generation of business insights. Special attention is given to data preparation, cleansing, and migration, as well as to typical problems and risks that arise when implementing AI-enabled BI solutions.

In the following part, the main objective is to provide an in-depth understanding of the nature and role of marketing analysis in strategic marketing. This includes analyzing business problems and opportunities, identifying unmet customer needs, discovering competitive advantages, and forecasting customer behavior patterns using advanced analytical methods, machine learning, and large language models. The processes of transferring these approaches into practice and the challenges that typically occur during implementation are also addressed.

Predvideni študijski rezultati:
Intendeded learning outcomes:

Študenti bodo z uspešno opravljenimi obveznostmi tega predmeta pridobili:
- Sposobnost analize, sinteze in predvidevanja rešitev ter posledic.
- Obvladanje raziskovalnih metod, postopkov in procesov, razvoj kritične in samokritične presoje.
- Sposobnost uporabe znanja v praksi.
- Avtonomnost v strokovnem delu.
- Razvoj komunikacijskih sposobnosti in spretnosti, posebej komunikacije v mednarodnem okolju.
- Etična refleksija in zavezanost profesionalni etiki.
- Kooperativnost, delo v skupini (in v mednarodnem okolju).
- Poznavanje področja poslovne inteligence in upravljanja s strankami.
- Poznavanje tržnih strategij, planiranja in razvoja strategij za boljše poslovno odločanje.
- Poznavanje upravljanja s podatki za potrebe poslovne inteligence.
- Poznavanje analitičnih metod primernih za poslovno uporabo ter njihove uporabe v realnih situacijah.
- Poznavanje strategij neposrednega trženja, upravljanja in analize učinkovitosti, taktikah kontaktiranja, etiki in pravnih vidikih.
- Poznavanje teorije iger.
- Zmožnost predstavitve poslovnih situacij z vidika teorije iger.
- Poznavanje razvoja in vodenja softverskih projektov.
- Poznavanje tržnih orodij in rešitev za BI.

Students successfully completing this course will acquire:
- An ability to analyse, synthesise and anticipate solutions and consequences.
- To gain the mastery over research methods, procedures and processes, a development of the critical judgement.
- An ability to apply the theory in to a practice.
- An autonomy in the professional work.
- Communicational-skills development; particularly in international environment.
- Ethical reflexion and obligation to a professional ethics.
- Cooperativity, team work (in international environment).
- Knowledge of business intelligence and customer intelligence area.
- Knowledge of marketing strategies, strategy planning and development for strategic decision- making.
- Knowledge of data handling issues for BI purposes.
- Knowledge of predictive modeling for business purposes and its real-life applicability.
- Knowledge of direct marketing strategies, marketing performance management, creative and contact tactics, ethics and legal aspects.
- Knowledge of game theory.
- The ability to view business situations in game- theoretic terms.
- Knowledge of design and management of software projects.
- Awareness of BI solutions in the marketplace.

Metode poučevanja in učenja:
Learning and teaching methods:

Predavanja, seminar, konzultacije, individualno delo.

Lectures, seminar, consultations, individual work.

Načini ocenjevanja:
Delež v % / Weight in %
Assesment:
Seminarska naloga
60 %
Seminar work
Ustni zagovor seminarske naloge
40 %
Oral defense of seminar work
Reference nosilca / Lecturer's references:
1. M. Gams, T. Kolenik. Relations between Electronics, Artificial Intelligence and Information Society through Information Society Rules, Electronics 2021, 10(4), MDPI, DOI 10.3390/electronics10040514
2. M. Gams, I. Yu-Hua Gu, A. Harma, A. Munos, V. Tam. Artificial intelligence and ambient intelligence. Journal of ambient intelligence and smart environments, ISSN 1876-1364, 2019, vol. 11, no. 1, str. 71-86, doi: 10.3233/AIS-180508.
3. M. Shulajkovska, M. Smerkol, E. Dovgan, M. Gams. A machine-learning approach to a mobility policy proposal, Heliyon 9, 2023, DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20393
4. T. Horvat, Ž. Kolar, P. Kocuvan, M. Gams. Evaluating a Nationally Localized AI Chatbot for Personalized Primary Care Guidance: Insights from the HomeDOCtor Deployment in Slovenia.Healthcare, 2025, 13(15), 1843. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare13151843
5. M. Gams. The Oath of Researchers and Developers. Informatica, 49(1), 1–6. 2025. DOI: 10.31449/inf.v49i1.8149