Učni načrt predmeta

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Predmet obravnava metode in tehnologije za izboljšanje energetske učinkovitosti v industrijskih procesih in stavbah s poudarkom na izboru in utemeljevanju ukrepov ter strateškem upravljanju z energijo (ISO 50001) na ravni organizacije oziroma portfelja sistemov. Študentom bodo predstavljena temeljna načela upravljanja z energijo, izvajanja energetskih pregledov in optimizacije delovanja različnih energetskih sistemov, pri čemer se bo združevalo tehnične in ekonomske vidike energetske učinkovitosti. Študenti se bodo naučili analizirati vzorce rabe energije, modelirati toplotne in električne sisteme ter predlagati ukrepe za izboljšanje učinkovitosti, ki zmanjšujejo stroške, izboljšujejo trajnost delovanja in prispevajo k doseganju okoljskih ciljev. Glavni poudarek bo na razumevanju namena energetske učinkovitosti v industriji in stavbah, kjer se fizikalni procesi povezujejo z inženirskimi, okoljskimi in ekonomskimi cilji. Študenti se bodo naučili razumeti energetske podatke, uporabljati merilne instrumente ter programska orodja za oceno delovanja sistemov in pripravo izvedljivih ukrepov za zmanjšanje rabe energije.
Študenti bodo seznanjeni z osnovnimi značilnostmi različnih vrst energetskih pregledov (preliminarni energetski pregled, razširjeni ali investicijski pregled) ter tipičnim potekom energetskega pregleda, od uvodnega sestanka in zbiranja osnovnih podatkov do priprave končnega poročila. Obravnavan bo tudi zakonodajni in politični okvir energetskih pregledov (evropske direktive, standardi ISO).
Predmet se osredotoča tudi na analizo vzorcev rabe energije, metode normalizacije in ključne kazalnike uspešnosti (KPI). Predstavljen bo koncept določanja referenčne rabe energije in različnih metod za primerjavo in spremljanje energetske učinkovitosti. Obravnavano bo zbiranje podatkov in uporaba protokolov za spremljanje in verifikacijo prihrankov.
V nadaljevanju se bomo osredotočili na energetske tokove v različnih industrijskih sektorjih, vključno s procesnim ogrevanjem, elektromotorji, sistemi stisnjenega zraka in parnimi sistemi. Študenti se bodo naučili prepoznavati neučinkovitost v delovanju različnih sistemov in ocenjevati potencialne prihranke z uporabo različnih metod in orodij. Obravnavani bodo različni primeri iz proizvodne, živilske in kemične industrije, ki bodo služili kot podlaga za poglobljeno analizo in razpravo.
V predmetu bodo predstavljeni tudi koncepti merjenja, spremljanja in primerjalnega vrednotenja energetske učinkovitosti. V okviru praktičnih vaj študenti se bodo naučili, kako izračunati specifično rabo energije in identificirati odstopanja od referenčne učinkovitosti. Študenti se bodo seznanili z delovanjem različnih merilnih instrumentov za merjenje električne energije (analizatorji moči, tokovne klešče), toplote (merilniki pretoka, termopari) in okoljskih parametrov (temperatura, vlažnost, osvetlitev). Poudarek bo na merilni negotovosti, pravilni uporabi instrumentov ter varnem izvajanju meritev. Študenti se bodo naučili, kako pripraviti merilne načrte za različne praktične primere iz industrije in stavb.
Predstavljeni bodo tudi temeljni pojmi energetske učinkovitosti v stavbah, vključno z rabo energije za ogrevanje, prezračevanje, klimatizacijo (HVAC), razsvetljavo in pripravo sanitarne tople vode. Poseben poudarek bo na pravilni oceni vpliva obnašanja uporabnikov in sistemov upravljanja na skupno rabo energije v stavbah.
Predmet bo obravnaval tudi ekonomske in trajnostne vidike izboljšav energetske učinkovitosti v industriji in stavbah. Študenti se bodo naučili ekonomsko vrednotiti projekte energetske učinkovitosti, vključno z izračunom dobe vračanja investicije, neto sedanje vrednosti (NPV) in notranje stopnje donosnosti (IRR). Okoljski vplivi izvedenih ukrepov se bodo ocenjevali skozi izračun ogličnega odtisa in ostalih trajnostnih kazalnikov.
Predmet se bo zaključil s celovitim razmislekom o vlogi energetskih pregledov v okviru sistema stalnega izboljševanja ISO 50001 (cikel Načrtuj-Izvedi-Preveri-Ukrepaj). Obravnavana bo tudi struktura sistema za upravljanje z energijo, vključno z oblikovanjem energetske politike ter vlogami energetskih menedžerjev v različnih organizacijah.

This course examines methods and technologies for improving energy efficiency in industrial processes and buildings, with an emphasis on selecting and justifying measures and on strategic energy management (ISO 50001) at the level of an organisation or a portfolio of systems. Students will be introduced to the fundamental principles of energy management, the implementation of energy audits, and the optimisation of the operation of various energy systems, integrating technical and economic aspects of energy efficiency. Students will learn to analyse energy-use patterns, model thermal and electrical systems, and propose efficiency measures that reduce costs, improve operational sustainability, and contribute to achieving environmental objectives. The main focus will be on understanding the purpose of energy efficiency in industry and buildings, where physical processes are linked to engineering, environmental, and economic goals. Students will learn to interpret energy data, use measurement instruments, and apply software tools to assess system performance and develop feasible measures to reduce energy consumption.
Students will become familiar with the basic characteristics of different types of energy audits (walk-through/preliminary audits and detailed or investment-grade audits) and with the typical audit process, from the initial meeting and collection of basic data to the preparation of the final report. The regulatory and policy framework for energy audits (European directives, ISO standards) will also be covered.
The course also focuses on analysing energy consumption patterns, normalisation methods, and key performance indicators (KPIs). The concept of establishing an energy baseline and different methods for benchmarking and monitoring energy performance will be presented. Data collection and the use of monitoring and verification protocols for savings will also be addressed.
Subsequently, the course will focus on energy flows in various industrial sectors, including process heating, electric motors, compressed air systems, and steam systems. Students will learn to identify inefficiencies in the operation of different systems and to estimate potential savings using various methods and tools. Case studies from manufacturing, food processing, and the chemical industry will be discussed as a basis for in-depth analysis and debate.
The course will also introduce concepts of metering, monitoring, and benchmarking energy performance. Through practical exercises, students will learn how to calculate specific energy consumption and identify deviations from reference performance. Students will become acquainted with the operation of various measurement instruments for electrical energy (power analysers, clamp meters), heat (flow meters, thermocouples), and environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, illuminance). Emphasis will be placed on measurement uncertainty, correct instrument use, and safe measurement practice. Students will learn how to prepare measurement plans for different real-world examples from industry and buildings.
Fundamental concepts of energy efficiency in buildings will also be presented, including energy use for heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), lighting, and domestic hot water preparation. Special emphasis will be placed on properly assessing the impact of occupant behaviour and building management/control systems on overall building energy use.
The course will also address the economic and sustainability aspects of energy efficiency improvements in industry and buildings. Students will learn how to economically evaluate energy efficiency projects, including calculating the payback period, net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR). The environmental impacts of implemented measures will be assessed through carbon footprint calculations and other sustainability indicators.
The course will conclude with a comprehensive reflection on the role of energy audits within the ISO 50001 continuous improvement framework (the Plan–Do–Check–Act cycle). The structure of an energy management system will also be covered, including the development of an energy policy and the roles of energy managers in different organisations.