Učni načrt predmeta

Predmet:
Speciacija elementov v bioloških sistemih in okolju
Course:
Speciation of Elements in Biological Systems and Environment
Študijski program in stopnja /
Study programme and level		 Študijska smer /
Study field		 Letnik /
Academic year		 Semester /
Semester
Ekotehnologije, 3. stopnja / 1 1
Ecotechnologies, 3rd cycle / 1 1
Vrsta predmeta / Course type
Izbirni
Univerzitetna koda predmeta / University course code:
EKO3-778
Predavanja
Lectures		 Seminar
Seminar		 Vaje
Tutorial		 Klinične vaje
work		 Druge oblike
študija		 Samost. delo
Individ. work		 ECTS
15 15 15 105 5

*Navedena porazdelitev ur velja, če je vpisanih vsaj 15 študentov. Drugače se obseg izvedbe kontaktnih ur sorazmerno zmanjša in prenese v samostojno delo. / This distribution of hours is valid if at least 15 students are enrolled. Otherwise the contact hours are linearly reduced and transfered to individual work.

Nosilec predmeta / Course leader:
prof. dr. Radmila Milačič Ščančar
Sodelavci / Lecturers:
prof. dr. Milena Horvat , prof. dr. Janez Ščančar
Jeziki / Languages:
Predavanja / Lectures:
Slovenian, English
Vaje / Tutorial:
English
Pogoji za vključitev v delo oz. za opravljanje študijskih obveznosti:
Prerequisites:

Zaključen študij druge stopnje naravoslovne ali tehniške smeri ali zaključen študij drugih smeri z dokazanim poznavanjem osnov s področja kemije in biologije (pisna dokazila, pogovor).

Completed second level studies in natural sciences or engineering or completed second level studies in other fields with proven knowledge of chemistry and biology (certificates, interview).

Vsebina:
Content (Syllabus outline):

Uvod v področje speciacijske analize. (Definicija
speciacije elementov glede na oksidacijsko stanje
elementa in speciacija organskih in anorganskih
spojin posameznih elementov).
- Pomen speciacije elementov z vidika
strupenosti in esencialnosti. (Nekateri
elementi, kot na primer krom, izkazujejo v
različnih kemijskih oblikah različno strupenost.
Tako je na premier šestvalentni krom izredno
strupen, medtem ko je krom v trivalentni obliki
veliko manj toksičen in je celo esencialen element).
- Osnovne analizne metode za speciacijo
elementov. (Koprecipitacija, selektivna
ekstrakcija, spektrofotometrija, kromatografske
metode (HPLC, GC, elektroforeza...) povezane z
on-line in off-line elementnimi specifičnimi
detektorji (ICP-MS,ICP-OES, AFS, AAS, INAA) v
kombinaciji z masno spektrometrijo).
- Kroženje in pretvorba kemijskih zvrsti
elementov v naravi. (Biogeokemijsko kroženje
zvrsti elementov v sistemu zemlja, voda, zrak,
prisotnost kemijskih zvrsti elementov v živih
organizmih in hrani).
- Speciacijska analiza izbranih elementov (kot na
primer krom, aluminij, platina, rutenij, cink,
nikelj, kositer, brom, živo srebro, selenium …).

Introduction to the field of chemical speciation
analysis. (Definition of chemical speciation
regarding the oxidation state of element and
speciation of organic and inorganic species of
elements).
- The role of speciation of elements regarding the toxicity and essentiality. (Some elements e.g.
chromium exhibit different toxicity in different
chemical forms. Hexavalent chromium is
extremely toxic species, while trivalent
chromium species are far less toxic and are even essential).
- Basic analytical methods for speciation analysis.
(Co-precipitation, selective extraction,
spectrophotometry, chromatographic methods
(HPLC, GC, electrophoresis…) coupled on-line and
off-line with element specific detectors (ICPMS,
ICP-OES, AFS, AAS, INAA) in combination with
mass spectrometry.
- Cycling and transformation of elements in
environment. (Biogeochemical cycling of
element species in system soil, water, air, the
chemical species of elements in living organisms
and foodstuffs).
- Speciation analysis of selected elements (as for
instance chromium, aluminium, platinum,
ruthenium, zinc, nickel, tin, bromine, mercury,
selenium, etc).

Temeljna literatura in viri / Readings:

- Cornelis, R., Handbook of Elemental Speciation II, Species in the Environment, Food Medicine and
Occupational Health, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005, 768 pages.
- Garcia Alonso, J., Rodriguez-Gonzalez P., Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry, RCS Publishing,
Cambridge, UK, 2013, 453 pages.
- Michalke, B., Metallomics: Analytical Techniques and Speciation Methods, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &
Co. KGaA , 2016, 496 pages."

Cilji in kompetence:
Objectives and competences:

Predstaviti študentom pomen speciacijske analize
pri študijah kroženja elementov v okolju in
bioloških sistemih.
Študente bomo seznanili s kemizmom številnih
elementov, ki v različnih kemijskih oblikah
izkazujejo različno strupenost oziroma so lahko
esencialni.
Predstavili bomo osnovna orodja speciacijske
analize, ki omogočajo zanesljivo določanje
posameznih kemijskih zvrsti elementov v različnih
matricah bioloških vzorcev in vzorcev iz okolja.
Vlogo kemijske speciacije bomo za posamezne
elemente predstavili na področju zdravja,
prehrane, privzema posameznih kemijskih zvrsti v
rastline in pri študiju biogeokemijskih ciklusov.

To introduce the students the importance of
speciation analysis in investigations of cycling of
elements in environment and biological systems.
Students will gain basic knowledge on chemistry of numerous elements that in various chemical forms exhibit different toxicity or are even essential.
The basic tools of speciation analysis that enable
reliable determination of different chemical species of elements in matrices of biological and
environmental samples will be introduced.
The role of chemical speciation will be presented for particular elements in the field of health, nutrition, uptake of particular chemical species to plants and in the investigations of biogeochemicaly cycling.

Predvideni študijski rezultati:
Intendeded learning outcomes:

Znanje in razumevanje:
- kroženja kemijskih zvrsti elementov v okolju in
bioloških sistemih in poznavanje pomena
speciacijske analize pri tovrstnih študijah.
- vloge kemijske speciacije na področju zdravja,
prehrane, privzema posameznih kemijskih zvrsti v rastline in pri študiju biogeokemijskih ciklusov.

Knowledge and understanding:
- Of cycling of chemical species of elements in the environment and biological systems and the
importance of the speciation analysis in such
investigations.
- Of the role of chemical speciation in the field of health, nutrition, uptake of particular chemical
species to plants and in the investigations of
biogeochemical cycling.

Metode poučevanja in učenja:
Learning and teaching methods:

Predavanja, seminar, konzultacije, timsko delo in diskusije

Lectures, seminar work, consultations, team work and discussions

Načini ocenjevanja:
Delež v % / Weight in %
Assesment:
Seminarska naloga
50 %
Seminar work
Zagovor seminarske naloge, pri katerem se dokaže osvojitev študijskega gradiva in prikaz enega primera speciacijske analize v okolju ali bioloških sistemih
50 %
Defence of the seminar work where the student demonstrate achievements of the study programme and presenting one case of speciation analysis in the environment or biological systems
Reference nosilca / Lecturer's references:
1. KOZLICA, Katarina, MILAČIČ ŠČANČAR, Radmila, REBERŠEK, Martina, ČEMAŽAR, Maja, URŠIČ VALENTINUZZI, Katja, ŠČANČAR, Janez. Advances in copper speciation, isotopic ratio measurement, bioimaging, and single-cell analysis – a critical review. TrAC. Trends in analytical chemistry. 2025, 184, 118152. DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2025.118152.
2. MARKOVIĆ, Katarina, ČEMAŽAR, Maja, SERŠA, Gregor, MILAČIČ, Radmila, ŠČANČAR, Janez. Speciation of copper in human serum using conjoint liquid chromatography on short-bed monolithic disks with UV and post column ID-ICP-MS detection. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 2022, 37, 1675-1686. DOI: 10.1039/D2JA00161F
3. MARKOVIĆ, Stefan, GABRIČ, Maja, ISLAMČEVIĆ RAZBORŠEK, Maša, MILAČIČ, Radmila, ŠČANČAR, Janez. The use of enriched stable isotopic tracers of 50Cr(VI) and 53Cr(III) in a study of Cr speciation in wine and beer. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2022, 108, 104422-1-104422-7 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104422
4. MARKOVIĆ, Stefan, LEVSTEK, Lucija, ŽIGON, Dušan, ŠČANČAR, Janez, MILAČIČ, Radmila. Speciation and bio-imaging of chromium in Taraxacum officinale using HPLC post-column ID-ICP-MS, high resolution MS and laser ablation ICP-MS techniques. Frontiers in Chemistry, 2022, 10, 863387-1-863387-16, DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.863387
5. ĐURIĆ, Marija, LEVSTEK, Lucija, OPRČKAL, Primož, MLADENOVIČ, Ana, MAUKO PRANJIĆ, Alenka, ŠČANČAR, Janez, MILAČIČ, Radmila. Simultaneous speciation of chromate, molybdate and arsenate in lysimetric water from geotechnical composites installed in field lysimeters. Scientific Reports. 2022, 12, 15186-1-15186-10. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19600-y