Učni načrt predmeta

Predmet:
Osnove fizike materialov
Course:
Fundamentals of Physics of Materials
Študijski program in stopnja /
Study programme and level		 Študijska smer /
Study field		 Letnik /
Academic year		 Semester /
Semester
Nanoznanosti in nanotehnologije, 2. stopnja / 1 1
Nanosciences and nanotechnologijes, 2nd cycle / 1 1
Vrsta predmeta / Course type
Obvezni / Mandatory
Univerzitetna koda predmeta / University course code:
NANO2-265
Predavanja
Lectures		 Seminar
Seminar		 Vaje
Tutorial		 Klinične vaje
work		 Druge oblike
študija		 Samost. delo
Individ. work		 ECTS
30 30 30 210 10

*Navedena porazdelitev ur velja, če je vpisanih vsaj 15 študentov. Drugače se obseg izvedbe kontaktnih ur sorazmerno zmanjša in prenese v samostojno delo. / This distribution of hours is valid if at least 15 students are enrolled. Otherwise the contact hours are linearly reduced and transfered to individual work.

Nosilec predmeta / Course leader:
prof. dr. Zdravko Kutnjak
Sodelavci / Lecturers:
doc. dr. Brigita Rožič
Jeziki / Languages:
Predavanja / Lectures:
slovenski, angleški / Slovenian, English
Vaje / Tutorial:
Pogoji za vključitev v delo oz. za opravljanje študijskih obveznosti:
Prerequisites:

Zaključen študij prve stopnje s področja naravoslovja ali tehnike ali zaključen študij prve stopnje na drugih področjih z znanjem osnov s področja predmeta.

Completed first-cycle studies in natural sciences or engineering or completed first-cycle studies in other fields with knowledge of fundamentals in the field of this course.

Vsebina:
Content (Syllabus outline):

1. Struktura kondenzirane snovi
a) Trdne in mehke snovi
b) Pojem simetrije in zlom simetrije
c) Parameter reda in korelacijske funkcije
d) Interakcije med gradniki snovi
e) Energije in potenciali
f) Tekoče, vmesne in kristalne faze
g) Nesoizmerljive strukture
h) Kvazikristali

2. Termodinamika in statistična mehanika
a) Trije zakoni termodinamike
b) Termodinamski potenciali
c) Pojem faznega prostora
d) Enačba stanja

3. Simetrije v kristalih
a) Translacijske in rotacijske simetrije; prostorske grupe
b) Recipročna mreža
c) Dimenzionalnost parametra reda in
dimenzionalnost sistema

4. Teorija sipanja
a) Braggov in Lauejev sipalni pogoj
b) Sipanje fotonov, elektronov in nevtronov
c) Fourierova transformacija

5. Elektroni in fononi v kristalih
a) Kvantna mehanika prostih elektronov
b) Periodične funkcije in elektron v periodičnem
potencialu
c) Harmonska nihanja kristalne mreže
d) Fermioni in bozoni
e) Električno prevajanje
f) Specifična toplota kristalne mreže

6. Elastične lastnosti
a) Napetost in deformacija
b) Izotropne in kubične snovi
c) Razširjanje zvoka

7. Magnetizem
a) Magnetni dipolni moment in magnetizacija
b) Paramagnetizem in diamagnetizem
c) Inducirana in spontana magnetizacija
d) Teorija povprečnega polja in Isingov model
e) Domene in histereza
f) Landau-ova prosta energija
g) Kritični pojavi in teorija skaliranja

8. Superprevodnost
a) Fenomenološka teorija
b) Termodinamika superprevodnikov
c) Josephsonov pojav

9. Dislokacije v trdnih snoveh
a) Topološke značilnosti
b) Vrzeli in intersticijske nečistoče
c) Difuzija točkastih defektov
d) Martenzitske transformacije

10. Tekočine
a) Izotropne in anizotropne tekočine
b) Viskoznost
c) Navier-Stokes–ova enačba
d) Laminarni in turbulentni tok
e) Binarne tekočine in fazna separacija
f) Koloidi in raztopine

11. Polimeri in tekoči kristali
a) Idealna in Flory-jeva veriga
b) Entropična elastičnost
c) Nematski in smektični red
d) Maier-Saupe-jeva teorija

12. Površine
a) Površinska napetost
b) Adsorbcija in omakanje

1. Structure of condensed matter systems
a) Solid and soft systems
b) Concept of symmetry and broken symmetries
c) Order parameter and correlation functions
d) Particle interactions
e) Energies and potentials
f) Liquid, mesomorphic and crystal phases
g) Incommensurate structures
h) Quasicrystals

2. Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics
a) The three laws of thermodynamics
b) Thermodynamic potentials
c) Concept of phase space
d) Equation of state

3. Symmetries in crystals
a) Translational and rotational symmetries; space groups
b) The reciprocal lattice
c) Dimensionality of order parameter and
dimensionality of material

4. Scattering theory
a) Bragg and Laue scattering conditions
b) Scattering of phonons, electrons and neutrons
c) Fourier transformation

5. Electrons and phonons in crystals
a) Quantum mechanics of free electrons
b) Periodic functions and electrons in periodic
potentials
c) Harmonic lattice vibrations
d) Fermions and bosons
e) Electrical conduction properties
f) Specific heat of a crystal lattice

6. Elastic properties
a) Stress and strain
b) Isotropic and cubic solids
c) Propagation of sound

7. Magnetism
a) Magnetic dipole moment and magnetization
b) Paramagnetism and diamagnetism
c) Induced vs. spontaneous magnetization
d) Mean field theory and the Ising model
e) Domains and hysteresis
f) Landau free energy
g) Critical phenomena and scaling theory

8. Superconductivity
a) Phenomenological theory
b) Thermodynamics of superconductors
c) Josephson effect

9. Dislocations in solids
a) Topological characteristics
b) Vacancies and interstitials
c) Diffusion of point defects
d) Martensitic transformations

10. Fluids
a) Isotropic and anisotropic fluids
b) Viscosity
c) Navier-Stokes equation
d) Laminar and turbulent flow
e) Binary fluids and phase separation
f) Colloids and solutions

11. Polymers and liquid crystals
a) Ideal and Flory chains
b) Entropic elasticity
c) Nematic and smectic order
d) Maier-Saupe theory

12. Surface phenomena
a) Surface tension
b) Adsorption and wetting

Temeljna literatura in viri / Readings:

Zapiski predavanj / Lecture notes.

Neil W. Ashcroft, N. David Mermin, “Solid State Physics” (Saunders College, Philadelphia, 1987).
Maurice Kleman, Oleg D. Lavrentovich, “Soft Matter Physics” (Springer-Verlag, New York, 2003).
Gert Strobl, “Condensed Matter Physics” (Springer-Verlag, New York, 2004);5. P. M. Chaikin, T. C.
Lubensky, “Principles of Condensed Matter Physics” (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995).
Solid State Physics, J. R. Hook in H. E. Hall, The Manchester Physics Series, John Wiley&Sons (1991).

Cilji in kompetence:
Objectives and competences:

Cilj predmeta je spoznavanje področja fizike materialov.

The goal of this course is to give an overview of the field of physics of materials.

Predvideni študijski rezultati:
Intendeded learning outcomes:

Študent se seznani s širokim obsegom pojavov v fiziki kondenzirane materije s ciljem pridobitve osnovnega znanja, s pomočjo katerega bo lahko razvil spretnosti, ki so potrebne pri načrtovanju novih naprednih materialov ter funkcionalnih mikro- in nanostruktur:
- razumevanje recipročne mreže
- poznavanje teorije sipanja
- razumevanje obnašanja elektronov in fononov v kristalih
- računanje količin ob faznih prehodih
- poznavanje pojavov v mehkih snoveh
- obvladovanje pojavov v nanosnoveh
- sodelovanje, delo v skupini (in v mednarodnem okolju)
- obvladovanje tujega jezika (angleščina) in angleške strokovne literatura

Students are expected to become familiar with a broad range of phenomena in condensed matter physics with the goal of establishing a systematic basis for the development of skills for engineering new advanced materials and functional micro- and nanostructures:
- understanding concepts of reciprocal lattice
- knowledge about scattering theory
- understanding of electron and phonon properties of crystals
- computation of phase transition properties
- knowledge about soft matter properties
- mastering of various effects in nanomaterials
- cooperation, group work and in international environment
- mastering foreign language (English) and english professional literature

Metode poučevanja in učenja:
Learning and teaching methods:

Interaktivna predavanja, seminar, konzultacije, individualno voden študij.

Interactive lectures, seminar, consultations, individual guided studies.

Načini ocenjevanja:
Delež v % / Weight in %
Assesment:
Pisni izpit
50 %
Written exam
Ustni izpit
50 %
Oral examination
Reference nosilca / Lecturer's references:
1. HANANI, Zouhair, URŠIČ NEMEVŠEK, Hana, PRAH, Uroš, KUTNJAK, Zdravko, et al. Lead-free nanocomposite piezoelectric nanogenerator film for biomechanical energy harvesting. Nano energy, ISSN 2211-2855, 2021, vol. 81, str.105661-1-105661-12, doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105661..
2. ČREŠNAR, Dejvid, ROŽIČ, Brigita, KUTNJAK, Zdravko, KRALJ, Samo. Theoretical and experimental study of elastocaloric responses in liquid crystalline elastomers. Journal of molecular liquids. Nov. 2024, vol. 413, [article no.] 126058, str. 1-14, ilustr. ISSN 1873-3166. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167732224021172?via%3Dihub, DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2024.126058.
3. HANANI, Zouhair, BELHADI, Jamal, TRSTENJAK, Urška, BOBNAR, Vid, URŠIČ NEMEVŠEK, Hana, DANEU, Nina, NOVAK, Nikola, FABIJAN, David, RAZUMNAYA, Anna G., KUTNJAK, Zdravko, KOSTER, Gertjan, SPREITZER, Matjaž, et al. Thermally stable capacitive energy-density and colossal electrocaloric and pyroelectric effects of Sm-doped P b ( M g 1 / 3 N b 2 / 3 ) O 3 – P b T i O 3 thin films. Journal of the American Chemical Society. [Online ed.]. Nov. 2024, vol. 146, iss. 47, str. 32595-32604, ilustr. ISSN 1520-5126. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jacs.4c11555, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c11555.
4. ČREŠNAR, Dejvid, DERETS, Nikita, TRČEK, Maja, SKAČEJ, Gregor, REŠETIČ, Andraž, LAVRIČ, Marta, DOMENICI, Valentina, ZALAR, Boštjan, KRALJ, Samo, KUTNJAK, Zdravko, ROŽIČ, Brigita. Caloric effects in liquid crystal-based soft materials. JPhys energy, ISSN 2515-7655, Oct. 2023, vol. 5, no. 4, [article no.] 045004, str. 1-12.
5. KHARDAZI, Said, NOVAK, Nikola, KUTNJAK, Zdravko, ROŽIČ, Brigita, LUK'YANCHUK, Igor A., et al. Improved thermal stability of dielectric properties and energy storage properties of lead-free relaxor B a ( 1 − x ) L a x T i 0.89 S n 0.11 O 3 ceramics. Ceramics international. Jul. 2025, vol. 51, iss. 16, part a, str. 22386-22396, ilustr. ISSN 1873-3956. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272884225011022?via%3Dihub, DiRROS - Digitalni repozitorij raziskovalnih organizacij Slovenije, DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.02.399.