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Naturally formed microbial communities are present in the form of cellular aggregates that create a set of diverse biochemical pathways through cross-feeding between the members of the microbial community. One of the most important factors so that some biochemical reactions can occur is the appropriate spatial placement of a particular …

Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) are organic pollutants occurring in wastewater and consequently enter the environment. An alternative to conventional wastewater treatment are algal photobioreactors, which treat wastewater with low energy input while producing nutrient- and energy-rich algal biomass and treated water, which both have the potential to be reused. …

Access to clean water is a key requirement for a good quality of life. However, due to climate change, population growth and lack of proper water treatment, the availability of clean water is in constant decline. Among the many waterborne contaminants, viruses present an increasing concern. Human waterborne viruses infect …

Tin (IV) oxide, SnO2 (cassiterite), is an n-type semiconductor with an advantageous combination of chemical, electric and optical properties that make it suitable for a range of applications, from solid-state gas sensors, transparent conductive coatings, oxidation catalysts and varistors. In varistor ceramics, grain growth studies are of particular interest, because …

SrTiO3 (STO) thin films are used as buffer layers that enable epitaxial integration of various functional oxides with silicon. When pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is used to grow STO on Si, a thin amorphous layer is formed at the STO-Si interface that limits the use of such heterostructures in certain …

Wear is one of the key problems with many types of engineering components as it can limit their life expectancy. The same is true for tools and tool steels, which are the focus of this doctoral thesis. Tool-wear response and behaviour are closely related to a material’s final microstructure and …

The interactions between gas molecules and a surface strongly affect the behaviour of systems in a large array of research fields, such as vacuum science and metrology, microfluidics, particle physics, and nuclear physics. In this work, focus is given to the momentum accommodation of gas molecules. The parameter used in …

Bismuth ferrite, BiFeO3 (BFO), has been recognized as a promising lead-free material for high-temperature piezoelectric applications due to its high Curie temperature of 825 °C. However, the practical use of BFO has been limited in particular by its elevated electrical conductivity. In addition, BFO shows the characteristics of ferroelectric hardening, …

A 3-year systematic investigation (2007–2010) of water chemistry using conventional and stable isotope tracers helped us delineate hydro-biogeochemical processes in the karstic Krka River watershed. By mineralogical and stable isotopic examination of tufa deposits and combining the results with water chemistry, we were able to evaluate the suitability of tufa …

The identification and quantification of organic compounds present in the environment is a major area of application in modern analytical chemistry. However, it is still scarcely recognized that, in addition to the chemical identity and concentration of organic compounds, there is more information to be found about their source and …