REPOSITORY > RESULTS

Abstract

Atmospheric concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHG) is higher than any time in the last
400000 years and growing faster than at any time in the past 18000 years. The high concentration of GHG
generates radiative forcing that contributes to climate change. Energy production from fossil fuels has
central role in regard to the climate change. Harnessing of renewable energy sources is vital to constraining
the extent of climate change in global and regional level and in Kosovo, because climate change is
regionally driven with global consequences and the energy use and production from fossil fuels has a
central role to global warming.
The main task of this thesis is the modeling of climate change impacts due to greenhouse gases
reduction on various dynamic systems in Kosovo such as: Mobile source emission systems and Electric
power emission systems. This means the reduction of GHG with continually increasing the renewable
energy and gradual replacement in long term of the fossil fuels energy with renewable energy, mainly with
solar energy in its various mode: biomass, wind, hydro and direct radiation (harnessing energy from Sun
light).
Firstly the impact of renewable energy on GHG reduction in global level (zero dimensional
modeling of GHG reduction) is modeled and it is shown that increasing the Earth surface temperature
would stop if the GHG reduction in the next 50 years would be 80% due to renewable use and new
technologies. Then, the modeling is carried out regionally for Kosovo for two dynamical systems which are
the main emitters of GHG (CO2, N2O, CH4, HCFCs, CFSs, etc), i.e. transportation and electricity generation
emissions systems.
These models incorporate environment policies and new technologies including nanotechnology
that achieve EU standards which would be compatible with GHG reduction requirements (IPCC, Kyoto
Protocol) ensuring a sustainable Energy Demand–Supply for Kosovo, that becomes increasingly
environmentally compatible.
As a result of the energy production from lignite we have as well emission of air pollutants SO2,
NOx and aerosols. For these pollutants we develop a model for distribution pollutant transport and visibility
near the TPP (Unit A and B). The purpose of the doctoral dissertation is modeling the various dynamical
GHG emissions systems in Kosovo in STELLA software, in which model we will gradually replace the
fossil fuels energy sources with renewable ones and we introduce the new technology for CO2 sequestration
and high energy efficiency in transport, and also, our models predict the significant reduction on GHG in
long term prediction scenarios.