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Water scarcity is becoming a greater issue worldwide due to ever-increasing anthropogenic activity. A dedicated effort is required to recover and maintain the purity of our water resources and has created an environment for developing better technologies to tackle this issue. Low-pressure gaseous plasma, consisting of a complex mixture of …

One of commonly used analytical technique for direct elemental analysis of solid samples is Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Although widely used for the analysis of various samples, obtaining accurate quantitative results remains a major challenge as matrix-matched standards are required. The aim of this thesis was …

In this dissertation, we studied heterogeneous surface recombination of neutral oxygen atoms. We described plasma as a reliable source of neutral oxygen atoms and the behavior of neutral atoms in low-pressure plasma sustained by high-frequency discharges. Neutral atom density in the flowing afterglow and the recombination coefficient on several surfaces …

Metal oxide and sulfide nanostructures are a versatile family of materials with wide-ranging applications, and their development remains ongoing. In nanoscience, attention is being directed towards their synthesis and further advancement, including the creating of new complex structures and morphologies. In this regard, ion-exchange reactions have emerged as a cutting-edge …

Synthesized in green plants, cellulose is the most abundant natural biopolymer on the planet and is thus widely available, cheap and renewable. Furthermore, its hierarchical structure allows extraction of nanosized particles in the form of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), obtained with hydrolysis or cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), isolated through chemical, biological pretreatment …

Plasma facing components (PFC) in fusion devices are exposed to plasma. Plasma-wall interaction processes are important as they impose a series of constraints on the components. The lifetime of the PFCs is dominantly determined by two processes: erosion and fuel retention. At the first wall the erosion is caused by …

In the present thesis, the problem of the functionalisation of fluoropolymers was addressed. As chemical methods for the functionalisation of fluoropolymers apply environmentally harmful chemicals, the research was directed to low-pressure non-equilibrium radiofrequency (RF) inductively coupled plasmas of environmentally friendly gasses. The research was focused on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the most …

Non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasmas are used in many areas, such as food and agriculture, plasma medicine, plasma surface modification, material synthesis and deposition. Because of their versatility, many plasma setups have been developed. Of greater interest are those that operate at atmospheric pressure, like atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs). Regarding …

The scientific backgrounds of technologies involved in the production of headlamps for the automotive industry are elaborated in this thesis. The experimental work was performed using an industrial plasma reactor with a volume of approximately 5 m3. The reactor enables three different operations, i.e., plasma pretreatment of workpieces made from …

Carbon, one of the most abundant materials in the earth crust, has gained research attention owing to its high structural stability, electrical conductivity, optical and thermal properties. Additionally, the possibility of tailoring carbon materials at nanoscales makes them promising materials for many applications, including energy storage, sensors, biomedical and electronics. …