A paradigm shift is occurring in the assessment of exposure to urban environmental stressors. Improved accuracy of personal monitors has enabled researchers to study exposure at the individual level. Monitoring stations are the primary reference point for air quality in urban environments, although there is a need to assess exposure …
Atmospheric concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHG) is higher than any time in the last 400000 years and growing faster than at any time in the past 18000 years. The high concentration of GHG generates radiative forcing that contributes to climate change. Energy production from fossil fuels has …